Isingeniso

Kuma-nozzle omlilo wasolwandle, i-Wheel Mark ikhombisa okungaphezu kokuthobela imithetho eyisisekelo: ikhombisa ukuthi imishini ihlangabezana nezidingo ze-Marine Equipment Directive zokusetshenziswa emikhunjini enefulegi le-EU kanye neminye imikhumbi elandela amazinga afanayo. Lokho kubalulekile ngoba ama-nozzle omlilo ayizingxenye ezibalulekile zokuphepha ezingaphansi kokuhlolwa, ukuhlolwa kwamadokhumenti, kanye nezimo zokusebenza ezidingakalayo olwandle. Lesi sihloko sichaza ukuthi isitifiketi se-MED sihlanganisani, ukuthi i-Wheel Mark ihlobene kanjani nokuhlolwa nokulawulwa kokukhiqiza, nokuthi kungani ithinta ukwamukelwa kwemikhumbi, izinqumo zokuthengwa, kanye nokuchayeka ezindleleni zokuboshwa noma zokufakwa esikhundleni. Ngaleyo mongo, izigaba ezilandelayo zihlola imiphumela esebenzayo neyokulawula yokukhetha ama-nozzle aqinisekisiwe noma angahambisani nemithetho.

Kungani Uphawu Lwesondo Lubalulekile Emapayipini Omlilo

I-Marine Equipment Directive (MED) 2014/90/EU isungula uhlaka lokulawula oluqinile lwemishini yokuphepha kwasolwandle, emelelwe ngokubonakalayo yi-Wheel Mark of conformity.izibhamu zomliloezithunyelwa emikhunjini yezentengiselwano, lesi sitifiketi asiyona nje uphawu lokuthiikhwalithi; kuyimfuneko eqinile yomthetho yemikhumbi endiza ifulege lezwe eliyilungu le-European Union, kanye nemikhumbi eminingi yamazwe ngamazwe elandela amazinga afanayo olwandle. I-Wheel Mark ikhombisa ukuthi imishini iphumelele ukuhlolwa okuqinile kokuvunyelwa kohlobo nokuthiumenziigcina indawo yokukhiqiza elawulwa kahle.

Ukuhlomisa umkhumbi ngama-nozzles omlilo angahambisani nomthetho kuletha izingozi ezinkulu zomthetho, zezimali, kanye nokusebenza. Izindawo zasolwandle zidinga imishini ekwazi ukumelana nokugqwala okukhulu kwamanzi anosawoti, ukusebenza komfutho ophezulu, kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa okusheshayo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuqonda imiphumela yokulawula kanye nesebenzayo ye-Wheel Mark kubalulekile kubakhi bemikhumbi, abaqhubi bemikhumbi, kanye nochwepheshe bokuthenga abaphatha izinto zokugcina umlilo zasolwandle.

Umthelela ekwamukelweni nasekuhlolweni kwemikhumbi

Ukuba khona kanye nokusebenza kahle kwe-Wheel Mark kuthonya ngqo ukwamukelwa komkhumbi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-Port State Control (PSC). Abahloli bahlola ngokucophelela imishini yokuphepha; izibhamu zomlilo ezingenayo imibhalo ye-MED efanele noma izimpawu zomzimba ziyizizathu ezisheshayo zemibiko yokuntuleka. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, izimpahla zokuphepha ezibalulekile ezingalandeli imithetho zingaholela ekuboshweni komkhumbi.

Umthelela wezezimali walokhu kuboshwa mkhulu kakhulu. Umkhumbi wezentengiselwano obambezelekile ungabangela ukulahlekelwa kokusebenza kwansuku zonke okusukela ku-$20,000 kuya ku-$50,000, kungabandakanyi izinhlawulo ezingaba khona noma izinsuku zokugcina zeqembu lokuqasha ezingabanjwanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, irekhodi lokuboshwa lehlisa iphrofayili yengozi yomkhumbi emehlweni ababhali bomshuwalense kanye nabaqashi, okwenza ukunamathela ngokuqinile ezidingweni ze-Wheel Mark kube yingxenye ebalulekile yokuphathwa kwengozi yasolwandle.

Ukuhlobana nezidingo ze-SOLAS, ikilasi, kanye nefulegi

I-MED isebenza njengendlela ye-European Union yokuphoqelela iSivumelwano Samazwe Ngamazwe Sokuphepha Kokuphila Olwandle (i-SOLAS), ikakhulukazi iSahluko II-2, esilawula ukuvikelwa komlilo, ukutholwa komlilo, kanye nokuqothulwa komlilo. Ngenkathi i-SOLAS inikeza indinganiso yomhlaba wonke, i-MED ihumusha le miyalelo ibe yizidingo ezithile zobuchwepheshe kanye nezinqubo zokuhlola zemikhumbi enefulegi laseYurophu.

Izinhlangano zokuhlela, njenge-DNV, i-Lloyd's Register, kanye ne-Bureau Veritas, zivame ukusebenza njengeMibutho Eyaziswayo ngaphansi kohlaka lwe-MED. Lezi zinhlangano zenza ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa okudingekayo ukuze kukhishwe izitifiketi ze-Wheel Mark. Umkhumbi osebenza ngaphansi kwefulegi le-EU udinga ukuthobela izindinganiso ze-MED ngo-100% ngemishini yawo yokuphepha esemthethweni. Izifundazwe ezingezona eze-EU zivame ukuqaphela noma ukugunyaza isitifiketi se-Wheel Mark, zisibheka njengendinganiso yegolide ehlangabezana nokuhumusha kwazo kwezwe kwezimfuneko ze-SOLAS.

Lokho Okumbozwa Yisitifiketi Se-MED

Isitifiketi se-MED sama-nozzle omlilo sihilela ukuhlolwa okuphelele kokubili komklamo womkhiqizo kanye namakhono okukhiqiza omenzi. Isiqondiso sihlukanisa imishini yasolwandle ibe yizinto ezithile; ama-nozzle omlilo asetshenziswa ngezindlela ezimbili ngokuvamile awela ngaphansi kwento ethi MED/3.55. Ukuze kufezwe isitifiketi, abakhiqizi kumele babonise ukuthi ama-nozzle abo ahlangabezana nezindinganiso zokusebenza ezichazwe ezindinganisweni zaseYurophu ezivumelanayo, ikakhulukazi uchungechunge lwe-EN 15182, oluchaza izidingo zamapayipi egatsha aphathwa ngesandla okusetshenziswa kwenkonzo yomlilo.

Ububanzi bomkhiqizo kanye nezindlela zokuvunywa

Indlela yokugunyazwa kweWheel Mark ngokuvamile idinga inhlanganisela yamamojula okuhlola ukuhambisana. Indlela evame kakhulu yiModule B (EC Type Examination) ehlanganiswe neModule D (Production Quality Assurance). Ngaphansi kweModule B, i-Notified Body ihlola ngokuqinile uhlobo lwe-fire nozzle ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umklamo uhlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo ze-EN 15182 kanye ne-SOLAS.

Uma iphrothokholi isidlulile, iModule D idinga ukuthi umenzi agcine uhlelo lokuphatha ikhwalithi oluvunyiwe, oluvame ukuhambisanaI-ISO 9001, ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizweni, ukuhlolwa kokugcina komkhiqizo, kanye nokuhlolwa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, abakhiqizi bangahlanganisa iModule B neModule E (Ukuqinisekiswa Kwekhwalithi Yomkhiqizo) noma iModule F (Ukuqinisekiswa Komkhiqizo), yize iModule D isalokhu iyindinganiso embonini yokukhiqizwa kwezinto zokuphepha ezibalulekile ngobuningi obuphezulu nangokuqhubekayo.

Umklamo, izinto zokwakha, kanye nokusebenza kwengcindezi

Isitifiketi se-Wheel Mark sidinga ukuqina okumangalisayo kanye nokusebenza kwengcindezi, kudlula okulindelwe yizimboni okujwayelekile. Ama-nozzle omlilo kumele akhiwe ngezinto ezifakazelwe ukumelana nendawo yasolwandle egqwala kakhulu. Lokhu kuvame ukuhilela ukuhlolwa okuqinile kokufuthwa kukasawoti, lapho imishini ehambisana ne-MED ivame ukudingeka ukuze imelane okungenani amahora angama-240 okuvezwa okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokuwohloka kokusebenza.

Ukusebenza kwengcindezi kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwe-EN 15182, ama-nozzle ahlolwa nge-hydrostatic ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho besakhiwo. I-nozzle elinganiswe ngengcindezi yokusebenza ephezulu yebha eyi-16 kumele imelane ngempumelelo nengcindezi yokuhlola ephindwe ka-1.5 lelo nani (ibha engu-24) ngaphandle kokuguquka noma ukuvuza. Amandla okugcina iphethini yokufafaza ehambisanayo kanye nokushintsha ngokushelela kusuka ku-jet eqinile kuya enkunguni evikelayo ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu aqinisekiswa ngezilingo zomzimba.

Ukumaka, imibhalo, kanye nokulawulwa kwefektri

Ukumaka ngokomzimba kuyimfuneko eqinile ye-MED. I-nozzle yomlilo ehambisanayo kumele ibe nelogo ye-Wheel Mark egxivizwe unomphela, eqoshiwe, noma ebunjiwe emzimbeni. Lolu phawu kumele luhambisane nenombolo yokuhlonza ye-Notified Body eyathatha ukuqapha kokukhiqiza (isb., 0575 ye-DNV) kanye nezinombolo ezimbili zokugcina zonyaka uphawu olunamathiselwe kuwo (isb., '23′ ka-2023).

Imibhalo ibaluleke kakhulu njengophawu olubonakalayo. Konke ukuthunyelwa kumele kufake iSimemezelo Sokuhambisana (i-DoC), idokhumenti esemthethweni esayinwe ngumenzi ethi imishini iyahambisana ne-MED. Ukuze kulondolozwe lesi simo, izinhlelo zokulawula ikhwalithi zefektri zihlolwa minyaka yonke yi-Notified Body ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokukhubazeka lihlala licishe libe yi-zero, ngokuvamile lihlose ngaphansi kuka-0.1% wezingxenye zokuphepha ezibalulekile.

Ama-nozzle omlilo e-MED vs angewona e-MED

Nakuba izibhamu zomlilo ezijwayelekile zezimboni noma zikamasipala zingase zibonakale zifana kakhulu nezibhamu zomlilo eziqinisekisiwe olwandle, ubunjiniyela obuyisisekelo, ukukhethwa kwezinto, kanye nohlu lokulawula kuhluka kakhulu. Ukuzama ukufaka isibhamu somlilo esijwayelekile endaweni yeyunithi eqinisekiswe yi-MED emkhunjini olawulwayo kuyiphutha elibalulekile lokuthobela imithetho elibeka engcupheni amakhono okusabela eziphuthumayo.

Umehluko wokuthobela imithetho nokuhlola

Umehluko omkhulu wezobuchwepheshe usekuqineni kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokuqina kokuhlolwa. Ama-nozzle angewona ama-MED avame ukwakhiwa nge-aluminium yezinga elijwayelekile noma ipulasitiki ehlanganisiwe elungiselelwe isisindo kanye nezindleko ezindaweni zamanzi ahlanzekile. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ama-nozzle aqinisekiswe yi-MED kumele asebenzise ithusi lezinga lolwandle, ithusi lensimbi, noma i-alloy ye-aluminium yasolwandle eqinile kakhulu ukuvimbela ukugqwala kwe-galvanic lapho kuvezwa emanzini olwandle.

Umehluko wokuhlola ucacile. Nakuba i-nozzle kamasipala ingase ihlolwe ngokusebenza okuyisisekelo, i-prototype ye-nozzle ye-MED ihlolwa ngokuphelele ngomjikelezo wokuphila. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kokuwa emadekhini ensimbi avela ekuphakameni kwamamitha amabili, ukujikeleza kwezinga lokushisa okukhulu, kanye nokuchayeka isikhathi eside kumaphrofayili okudlidliza ajwayelekile emakamelweni enjini kanye namadekhi amakhulu.

Ukuhweba ngokusebenza kanye nokuthola imali

Ukuthenga imishini eqinisekiswe yi-MED kwethula ukuhwebelana okuthile maqondana nezindleko kanye nesivinini sochungechunge lokuhlinzeka. Ukuthuthukiswa kobunjiniyela, izinto zokwakha zekhwalithi ephezulu, kanye nezindleko zokuhlola eziqhubekayo ezihlobene ne-Wheel Mark kuphumela entengo ephezulu ephawulekayo.

Ngokwesilinganiso, i-nozzle yomlilo eqinisekiswe yi-MED ibiza u-30% kuya ku-60% ngaphezu kwe-standard equivalent yezimboni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinqubo zokulawula ikhwalithi eziqinile zingathinta ukutholakala. Ngenkathi ama-nozzle ajwayelekile angatholakala eshalofini zingakapheli izinsuku, ama-oda enziwe ngokwezifiso noma ngobuningi bama-nozzle aqinisekiswe yi-MED avame ukuba nezikhathi zokuhola zamasonto ama-4 kuya kwayi-8 ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokuhlela ukukhiqizwa kwe-Module D.

Izinyathelo Zokuqinisekisa Umthengi Nezindawo Zokuthutha Imikhumbi

Kubaphathi bezokuthengwa kwemikhumbi kanye nabaphathi bemikhumbi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izibhamu zomlilo ezithengiwe ziqinisekiswe ngokusemthethweni kuwumthwalo wemfanelo obalulekile. Imishini yokuphepha mbumbulu noma ukungalungi kokuphatha kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zokusebenza, ukwenqatshwa kokulethwa kwemikhumbi, noma ukwehluleka kokuhlola kwaminyaka yonke.

Indlela yokuqinisekisa izitifiketi ze-Wheel Mark

Ukuqinisekiswa kumele kwenzeke ngezindlela ezimbili: imibhalo yedijithali kanye nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Abathengi kufanele baqale baqinisekise izitifiketi zeModule B kanye neModule D zomkhiqizi besebenzisa isizindalwazi somkhiqizo iMarED, indawo yokugcina esemthethweni yaseYurophu yemishini yasolwandle evunyiwe. Izinombolo zesitifiketi ezinikezwe ngumhlinzeki kumele zihambisane nokufakwa okusebenzayo kusizindalwazi.

Uma bethola ama-nozzle ngokoqobo, abahloli kumele babhekisele ku-Declaration of Conformity (DoC) kanye nezimpawu eziku-hardware. Inombolo Yomzimba Owaziswayo kanye nonyaka wokukhiqiza okugxivizwe emzimbeni we-nozzle kumele kuhambisane kahle nemininingwane eku-DoC. Noma yikuphi ukungafani, njengesitembu sonyaka esingekho noma isitifiketi se-Module D esiphelelwe yisikhathi ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, kwenza imishini ingathobeli imithetho.

Ukulibaziseka okuvamile kokuthola kanye nokuthutha

Imishini ye-Sourcing Wheel Mark ivame ukubhekana nokungqubuzana kwezokuthutha, ikakhulukazi mayelana nemibhalo. Isimemezelo Sokuthobela Imithetho esingekho noma esifomethiwe ngendlela engafanele singabambezela ukuvunyelwa kwamasiko ngesilinganiso sezinsuku ezi-3 kuya kweziyi-7, njengoba iziphathimandla zechweba ziqhubeka nokuhlola ukungeniswa kwezokuphepha kwasolwandle.

Ngaphezu kwalokho,abathengikumele ilandise ubuNini be-oda elincane (ama-MOQ). Ngenxa yokuthi ukusetha ukukhiqizwa okuhambisana nokulandelela kweModule D kudinga izinsiza eziningi, abakhiqizi bangase babeke ama-MOQ amayunithi angu-50 kuya kwangu-100 ukuze kulungiselelwe i-nozzle ethile. Ukwehluleka ukubikezela lezi zithiyo kungaphazamisa isikhathi sokwakha imikhumbi noma kulibazise izikhathi ezibalulekile zokulungisa imikhumbi.

Izinto okufanele uzicabangele ngemuva kwemakethe kanye nokufaka esikhundleni sazo

Umjikelezo wokuphila komlomo womlilo usho ukuthi kuzodingeka ukuthi kushintshwe ngenxa yokuguga, umonakalo ongokwenyama, noma ukulahleka. Uma kufakwa omunye umlomo womkhumbi emkhunjini olawulwayo, lowo mlomo womkhumbi kumele uhambisane ne-1 kuya ku-1 MED. Ukusebenzisa umlomo womkhumbi ongaqinisekisiwe njengesikhala sesikhashana kuphula imithetho ye-SOLAS futhi kungaqeda ngokushesha izitifiketi zokuphepha zomkhumbi kanye nomshuwalense.

Abaqhubi bemikhumbi kumele baqinisekise ukuthi abahlinzeki bemikhumbi bahlinzeka nge-DoC yokuqala, esayiniwe nayo yonke i-nozzle yokufaka esikhundleni. Ukugcina ingobo yomlando yedijithali neyomzimba yale mibhalo ebhodini kuyimpoqo, njengoba abahloli be-PSC bezoyicela ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuvamile kohlelo oluyinhloko lomlilo.

Indlela Yokukhetha I-Nozzle Yomlilo Efanele

Ukukhetha i-nozzle yomlilo efanele eqinisekiswe yi-MED kudlulela ngale kokuhlola ibhokisi lokuthobela imithetho. Imishini kumele ihlangane kahle nengqalasizinda eyinhloko yomlilo yomkhumbi futhi ihlangabezane nezidingo zamaqhinga zabasebenzi abazoyithumela ngesikhathi esiphuthumayo. Indlela ehlakaniphile yokukhetha inciphisa izindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila futhi ikhulisa ukuphepha ngaphakathi.

Izindlela ezibalulekile zokuthatha izinqumo zokukhetha okuvumelana nemithetho

Izindlela eziyinhloko zokukhetha zifaka phakathi ukufanisa ukusebenza kwe-hydraulic kwe-nozzle namakhono epompo yomlilo yomkhumbi. Abathengi kumele bacacise izinga lokugeleza elidingekayo kanye nengcindezi yokusebenza, isibonelo, ukukhetha i-nozzle elungiselelwe amalitha angu-400 ngomzuzu (L/min) ngengcindezi ejwayelekile yomlilo engu-6 bar. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-nozzle kumele ifinyelele amabanga athile okuphonsa; i-SOLAS ngokuvamile idinga ukuphonsa okungenani amamitha angu-12 ukuze kube ne-jet eqinile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi bangakwazi ukulwa nemililo bekude.

Ukukhethwa kwezinto kufanele kunqunywe indawo yokufaka. Ama-nozzle abekwe ezindaweni zesimo sezulu, abekwe ngqo emfuthweni wolwandle kanye nesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, kufanele athande kakhulu ithusi noma ithusi le-gunmetal ukuze aphile isikhathi eside, naphezu kwesisindo esinqunyiwe. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ama-nozzle atholakala ezindaweni zokuhlala zangaphakathi angasebenzisa ama-alloy e-aluminium alula, aqinile ukuze anciphise ukukhathala kwabasebenzi ngesikhathi sokuthunyelwa.

Indlela yokunciphisa ingozi yokusebenza kabusha kanye nokuhlolwa

Ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokwehluleka kokuhlolwa kanye nokubambezeleka kokusebenza okubizayo, abaqhubi bemikhumbi kufanele benze amamodeli omlomo womlilo abe ngendlela efanayo emikhunjini yabo. Ukuhlelwa ngendlela efanayo kwenza kube lula ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi, kwenza inqubo yokuhlola ibe lula kubahloli, futhi kunciphisa ubunzima bokuthengwa kwempahla.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcina uhlu oluzinikele lwezingxenye ezisele eziqinisekisiwe kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokunciphisa ubungozi. Imikhuba emihle yemboni incoma ukuba nohlu olusele lwe-10% lwama-nozzles aqinisekiswe yi-MED kanye nama-DoC ahambisana nawo kungaba ngaphakathi noma endaweni yokuthutha ephakathi. Lesi sivikelo sivimbela ama-oda aphuthumayo esitayela se-'Aircraft on Ground' (AOG) sezingxenye zasolwandle, okungaba nezindleko zokuthutha eziphezulu ezingama-200% kuya ku-300% ngaphezu kwamazinga okuthumela ajwayelekile ukuze kuxazululwe ukuntuleka kwe-PSC okungazelelwe.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• Iziphetho ezibaluleke kakhulu kanye nesizathu sama-Fire Nozzles
• Imininingwane, ukuhambisana, kanye nokuhlolwa kwengozi okufanele kuqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuthi uzibophezele
• Izinyathelo ezilandelayo ezisebenzayo kanye nezixwayiso abafundi abangazisebenzisa ngokushesha

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Kusho ukuthini ukuthi uphawu lwesondo lusho ukuthini embhobho womlilo?

Kubonisa ukuthi i-nozzle ihambisana ne-EU Marine Equipment Directive yokusetshenziswa kwasolwandle. Emikhumbini ye-EU-flag, iqinisekisa ukwakheka okuvunyiwe, ukusebenza okuvivinyiwe, kanye nokukhiqizwa okulawulwayo.

Ingabe wonke ama-nozzle omlilo ayadingeka ukuze ube nesitifiketi se-MED?

Cha. Isitifiketi se-MED siyadingeka kakhulu emishinini yasolwandle esemthethweni emikhunjini enefulegi le-EU. Ama-nozzle ezimboni, ezakhiwo, noma angewona awemikhumbi angasebenzisa ezinye izimvume esikhundleni salokho.

Yimaphi amadokhumenti okufanele abathengi bawacele ane-nozzle yomlilo eqinisekiswe yi-MED?

Cela imininingwane ye-Wheel Mark, isitifiketi se-MED, ulwazi lwemodyuli efana ne-B+D, kanye nokulebula komkhiqizo okulandelekayo. Lokhu kusiza ngesikhathi sokubuyekezwa kwekilasi kanye nokuhlolwa kwechweba.

Ama-nozzle omlilo angahambisani nemithetho angathinta kanjani ukusebenza kwemikhumbi?

Zingabangela ukuntuleka kwe-PSC, zibambezele ukwamukelwa komkhumbi, futhi zibangele ngisho nokuboshwa. Lokho kusho izindleko ezengeziwe zokufaka esikhundleni, izinkinga zokuhlola, kanye nezinkinga ezingaba khona zokuqasha noma zomshuwalense.

Ingabe i-NBWorldFire ingahlinzeka ngama-nozzles omlilo aqinisekiswe yi-MED kumaphrojekthi asemanzini?

Yebo. I-NBWorldFire ikhonza abathengi basolwandle kanye nabezimboni be-B2B emhlabeni jikelele futhi inikeza imishini yokuvikela umlilo eqinisekisiwe. Qinisekisa imodeli yomlomo eqondile, ububanzi bokuvunyelwa, kanye nemakethe yendawo ngaphambi koku-oda.