Ukukhetha izinto ezibalulekile kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwethembeka kwamavalvu okuhlala ezinhlelweni zokuvikela umlilo. Ithusi nethusi, ama-alloys amabili asetshenziswa kabanzi, abonisa izici ezibonakalayo ezihlukile nezici zokusebenza.

• Ithusiimelana kakhulu nokugqwala, ithambile ngendlela ehlukile, futhi ihlala isikhathi eside, okuyenza ibe ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezinjengamavalvu aqondile namavalvu alawula ingcindezi.
• Ibhulonzi, nakuba futhi imelana nokugqwala, inokuqina okuphezulu nokuqina okuncishisiwe, okungase kuholele ekonakaleni kwezinto ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukukhetha ukwaziswa okufanele kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphila isikhathi eside nokusebenza kahle kwama-valve okufika, okuhlanganisa ama-valve e-PRV kanyeama-valve okuvimbela ukucindezela, kuzo zonke izimo zemvelo ezihlukahlukene.

Okuthathwayo Okubalulekile

• I-Brass ibiza kancanefuthi kulula ukubumba, ngakho-ke isebenza kahle kumasistimu omlilo angaphakathi anengcindezi ephakathi.
• I-bronze inamandla futhi imelana nokugqwala kangcono, iyenza ibe lula ezindaweni eziqinile njengaseduze nolwandle.
• Ukukhetha impahla efaneleama-valve okumisa ancike ekutheni isetshenziswa kuphi nokuthi ingeyani ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ihlala isikhathi eside futhi isebenza kahle.

Ukubunjwa Okubalulekile Kwamavalvu Okwehla

Ithusi: Ukubunjwa kanye Nezakhiwo

I-Brass iyingxubevange ngokuyinhloko eyakhiwe ngethusi ne-zinc, nezilinganiso ziyahlukahluka ngokusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni okuhlosiwe. Okuqukethwe kwethusi kuvame ukuhluka kusuka ku-55% kuya ku-95%, kanti i-zinc yenza ama-5% kuya ku-45%. Izakhi ezengeziwe ezifana nomthofu, insimbi, i-aluminium, i-nickel, ne-arsenic zivame ukungezwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe izici ezithile.

• Ukuholakuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwemishini, okwenza ithusi libe lula ukulolonga ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.
• Insimbikwandisa amandla, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi impahla ingamelana nokucindezeleka komshini.
• I-Aluminiumfuthii-nickelukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala, okwenza ithusi lilungele izindawo ezichayeke kumswakama noma amakhemikhali.

I-Brass yaziwa ngokuthambile kwayo okuhle kakhulu, okuvumela abakhiqizi ukuthi bakhe imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi yamavalvu okumisa. Ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo kuqinisekisa ukuqina ezinhlelweni zokuvikela umlilo, lapho ukwethembeka kubalulekile.

Ithusi: Ukwakheka Nezakhiwo

I-bronze iyingxubevange ehlanganisa ithusi nethini, ithusi lenza cishe u-88% kanye ne-tin cishe ku-12%. Izakhi ezengeziwe ezifana ne-aluminium, i-nickel, i-phosphorus, i-silicon, ne-manganese zivame ukufakwa ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zemishini namakhemikhali.

• I-Aluminiumkwandisa amandla nokumelana nokugqwala, okwenza ithusi lilungele izindawo zasolwandle.
• I-Nickelkuthuthukisa ukumelana ne-tarnish kanye nokuqina okuphelele.
• Phosphoruskuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqoka, iqinisekisa ukuphila isikhathi eside ezinhlelweni zokungqubuzana okuphezulu.
• I-siliconfuthimanganesenomthelela emandleni emishini nasekuqiniseni.

Ibhulonzi libonisa amandla aqinile okuqinile kanye nokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinokhahlo. Isibonelo, i-nickel aluminium bronze isetshenziswa kakhulu ezingxenyeni ze-aerospace ngenxa yamandla ayo aqinile angama-550 kuya ku-900 MPa kanye nokuqina ezimweni zasolwandle. Ngokufanayo, i-C932 ephethe ithusi, enamandla aqinile acishe abe ngu-35,000 PSI, ivamise ukusetshenziswa ezingxenyeni zamavalvu.

Umehluko Oyinhloko Ekubunjweni Kwezinto

Umehluko wokuqamba phakathi kwethusi nethusi uthinta kakhulu izici zazo ezingokomzimba nokufaneleka kwamavalvu okuhlala.

Ingxubevange	Izingxenye Eziyinhloko	Izakhi Ezengeziwe Nemiphumela Yazo
Ibhulonzi	Ithusi (88%), ithini (12%)	I-Aluminium (amandla, ukumelana nokugqwala), i-Nickel (amandla, ukumelana nokubola), iPhosphorus (ukumelana nokugqoka), i-silicon (amandla), iManganese (izakhiwo zemishini)
Ithusi	Ithusi (55% -95%), Zinc (5% -45%)	Umthofu (umshini), i-iron (amandla), i-Aluminium (ukumelana nokugqwala), i-nickel (ukumelana nokugqwala), i-arsenic (ukumelana nokugqwala)

I-Brass iqukethe i-zinc ephezulu, ethuthukisa ukusebenziseka kwayo kanye nokusebenza kahle, okwenza kube lula ukukhiqiza ama-valve okuhlala anemiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi. Ithusi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, lithembele kuthayela nezinye izakhi ukuze lithole amandla aphakeme kanye nokumelana nokugqoka, okulenze lifanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukuqina ngaphansi kwengcindezi yemishini.

Umehluko wobuningi ugqamisa izici zawo ezihlukile:

Okubalulekile	Ithusi (%)	I-Zinc (%)	Ithini (%)	Ezinye Izinto
Ithusi	57% ukuya ku-63%	35% kuya ku-40%	N/A	N/A
Ibhulonzi	Ithusi + Ithini	N/A	N/A	I-Nickel, iManganese (izithako ezingenzeka)

Lo mehluko ugcizelela ukubaluleka kokukhetha impahla efanele yama-valve okuhlala ngokusekelweizimfuneko ezithile zohlelo lokusebenzakanye nezimo zemvelo.

Ukumelana Nokugqwala Kumavalvu Okwehla

I-Brass and Corrosion Resistance

Ithusi libonisa ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinokuchayeka kancane kumakhemikhali anonya noma izimo ezimbi kakhulu. Okuqukethwe kwayo kwethusi okuphezulu kwakha isendlalelo se-oxide esivikelayo lapho sichayeka emoyeni noma emanzini, okuvimbela ukuwohloka okwengeziwe. Le ndawo yenza ithusi libe yinto enokwethenjelwa yama-valve okufika asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuvikela umlilo zasendlini noma izindawo ezinezimo zemvelo ezilawulwayo.

Ukwengezwa kwama-elementi afana ne-aluminium ne-nickel kuthuthukisa ikhono lethusi lokumelana nokugqwala. I-Aluminiyamu idala ungqimba lwe-oxide oluncane, oluqinile oluvikela okokusebenza kumswakama nokuchayeka kumakhemikhali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-nickel ithuthukisa ukumelana ne-tarnish, iqinisekisa ukuthi impahla igcina ukubukeka nokusebenza kwayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lezi zici zenza ithusi libe inketho ekahle yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga kokubili ukuqina nokukhanga kobuhle.

I-Bronze and Corrosion Resistance

I-Bronze inikeza okungcono kakhuluukumelana nokugqwala, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziyinselele ezifana nezasolwandle noma izilungiselelo zezimboni. Ukwakheka kwayo, ngokuyinhloko ithusi nethini, kunikeza umgoqo wemvelo ngokumelene ne-oxidation nokusabela kwamakhemikhali. Ukufakwa kwezinto ezifana ne-aluminium ne-phosphorus kuqinisa ngokwengeziwe ukumelana kwayo nokugqoka nokugqwala.

Ucwaningo lugqamisa ukuthi i-nickel-aluminium bronze (NAB) ikhombisa ukumelana nokugqwala okuthuthukisiwe ezindaweni zasolwandle. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuvela ezicini ze-microstructural ze-NAB/izakhiwo eziyinhlanganisela yensimbi, ikakhulukazi lezo ezakhiwe nge-Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM). Usayizi omncane wokusanhlamvu nemvula elinganiselwe yesigaba sika-κ ku-WAAM-NAB kunciphisa ukugqwala kwesigaba esikhethiwe, okuholela ekusebenzeni okungcono kakhulu. Lezi zakhiwo zenza ithusi libe into ekhethwayo yamavalvu okuhlala achayeke emanzini anosawoti noma ezinye izinto ezigqwalile.

Izici Zemvelo Ezithinta Ukugqwala

Imvelo idlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukumelana nokugqwala kwezinto ezisetshenziswa kuma-valve okuhlala. Izinto ezinjengomswakama, izinga lokushisa, nokuchayeka kumakhemikhali noma emanzini anosawoti kungasheshisa inqubo yokugqwala. Isibonelo, ithusi lisebenza kahle ezimweni ezomile noma eziswakeme ngokulingene kodwa lingagqwala ngokushesha ezindaweni ezinosawoti omningi noma ukuchayeka okune-acidic.

Ibhulonzi, elinokwakheka kwalo okuqinile, limelana nezimo ezinzima, okuhlanganisa izindawo zasolwandle kanye nokusebenza kwezimboni. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nethusi lingathola ukuwohloka uma lichayeka kumazinga e-pH adlulele noma ukuthintana isikhathi eside namakhemikhali anolaka. Ukugcinwa okuvamile nokukhethwa kwezinto ezifanele ngokusekelweizimo zemvelozibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphila isikhathi eside nokuthembeka kwama-valve okuhlala.

Ukuqina Nokuqina Kwama-Landing Valves

Izakhiwo Zemishini Yethusi

I-Brass ibonisa inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yamandla nokuguquguquka, okuyenza ibe yinto ethembekile yama-valve okuhlala. Amandla ayo okuqina ngokuvamile asukela ku-200 kuye ku-550 MPa, kuye ngokwakhiwa kwengxubevange ethile. Lawa mandla avumela ithusi ukuthi libekezelele ukucindezeleka kwemishini okumaphakathi ngaphandle kokuqhekeka noma ukonakala. Ukwengeza, ukuqina kwayo kuqinisekisa ukuthi abakhiqizi bangayibumba ibe imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ubuqotho bayo besakhiwo.

I-Brass iphinda ikhombise ukumelana nokugqokwa okuhle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingqubuzana kancane. Lesi sakhiwo sinciphisa amathuba okuwohloka kwendawo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaguquki. Ukufakwa kwezinto ezifana nensimbi ne-aluminium kuthuthukisa futhi ukuzinza kwayo kwemishini, kuyenze ifanelekele izinhlelo ezidinga kokubili amandla nokunemba.

Izakhiwo Zemishini Yethusi

I-bronze idume ngamandla ayo aphezulu kanye nokuqina ngaphansi kwezimo ezicindezela kakhulu. Amandla ayo okuqina ngokuvamile asukela ku-300 kuya ku-800 MPa, kuye ngengxubevange. Lokhu kwenza ithusi libe ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kwezinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ukuqina kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukwengezwa kwe-tin nezinye izakhi ezifana ne-phosphorus ne-manganese kuthuthukisa ukumelana kwayo nokugqokwa, okuyivumela ukuthi imelane nokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezidinga kakhulu.

I-bronze iphinda iphumelele ezinhlelweni zokungqubuzana okuphezulu ngenxa ye-coefficient yayo ephansi yokungqubuzana. Le mpahla inciphisa ukuguga, inwebe isikhathi sokuphila sezingxenye. Ikhono layo lokugcina ubuqotho besakhiwo ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu likwenza kube yinto ekhethwayo yama-valve okuhlalisa evezwe emithwalweni enzima yemishini.

Ukuqina Kwesikhathi Eside Ekusetshenzisweni Kwevalve YokuLanda

Ukuqina kwesikhathi eside kwama-valve okuhlala kuncike ekhonweni lempahla yokumelana nokuguga, ukugqwala, kanye nokucindezeleka komshini. Ucwaningo ngokuphila isikhathi eside kwama-valve, njengezifundo zokufakelwa kwe-valve ye-transcatheter aortic (TAVI), lunikeza imininingwane ebalulekile. Isibonelo, uhlolo lwe-PARTNER-1 lubike ukuthi akukho ukuwohloka kwe-valve yesakhiwo (SVD) ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu, kanti olunye ucwaningo lubone izehlakalo ze-SVD ezikhulayo ezingu-14.9% ngemva kweminyaka eyisikhombisa. Lokhu okutholakele kugqamisa ukubaluleka kokuukukhetha izinto ezinokuqina okuqinisekisiwengezicelo ezibucayi.

Ithusi nethusi zombili zinikezaukusebenza okuhlala isikhathi eside uma isetshenziswakuma-valve okwehla. Kodwa-ke, ukukhetha phakathi kwalokhu kokubili kuncike ekusetshenzisweni okuqondile nezimo zemvelo. I-Brass ilungele ingcindezi emaphakathi nendawo elawulwayo, kuyilapho i-bronze ihamba phambili ekucindezelekeni okuphezulu noma kuzilungiselelo ezigqwalile. Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezifanele kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka nokuphila isikhathi eside kwama-valve okufika ezinhlelweni zokuvikela umlilo.

Izindleko kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamavalvu okufika

Ukuqhathaniswa Kwezindleko: Ithusi vs. Ibhulonzi

Ithusi nethusi zihluka kakhulu ngezindleko ngenxa yokwakheka nokutholakala kwazo. I-Brass, eyakhiwe ngokuyinhloko yethusi ne-zinc, ijwayele ukuthengeka kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kabanzi ekusetshenzisweni kwamapayipi kanye nezimboni kunomthelela ephuzwini layo lentengo eliphansi. I-bronze, equkethe ithusi ne-tin, ivame ukufaka izindleko eziphakeme ngenxa yokushoda kwethini kanye nama-alloys akhethekile adingekayo ekusebenzeni okuthile.

Abakhiqizi bavame ukukhetha ithusi lamavalvu okufika lapho izindleko zihamba phambili. Ibhulonzi, nakuba libiza kakhulu, linikeza amandla aphakeme nokumelana nokugqwala, okuyenza ibe ukukhetha okuncanyelwayo kwezindawo ezinengcindezi ephezulu. Isinqumo phakathi kwalezi zinto sincike ekulinganiseni izithiyo zesabelomali nezidingo zokusebenza.

Ukucatshangelwa kokusebenza kanye nokukhiqiza

I-Machinability idlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukukhululeka kokukhiqiza ama-valve okumisa. I-Brass ikhombisa ukusebenza kahle kakhulu ngenxa yokuqina kwayo nobulukhuni obuphansi. Lesi sakhiwo sivumela abakhiqizi ukuthi bakhiqize imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi enokugqoka kwamathuluzi okuncane. Ithusi, nakuba liqinile, liletha izinselelo ezinkulu ngesikhathi somshini ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okuphezulu namandla aqinile.

Ithebula elingezansi ligqamisa amabhentshimakhi okhiye wokusebenzisa ithusi nethusi:

Uhlobo lwe-alloy	Amandla Okuqina (ksi)	Amandla Esivuno (ksi)	Ubude (%)	Ukuqina (Brinell)	I-Machinability (YB)
Ithusi Elibomvu	83	N/A	32	N/A	35
I-Manganese Bronze	86	90	45	48	30
I-Tin Bronze	90	40	45	21	30

Umphumela ophezulu we-Brass wokuhleleka uwenza ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukunemba nokusebenza kahle. I-bronze, naphezu kokusebenza kwayo okuphansi, ihlala iyinketho esebenzayo yama-valve okuhlala ezindaweni ezinzima ngenxa yamandla ayo okusebenza.

Izindleko zesondlo kanye ne-Lifecycle

Izindleko zokunakekela kanye nomjikelezo wokuphila zincike ekuqineni kwempahla kanye nokumelana nokugqokwa. I-Brass idinga ukulungiswa kancane kancane ezindaweni ezilawulwayo, ukunciphisa izindleko zesikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, ezimeni ezonakalisayo noma ezinengcindezi ephezulu, ithusi linikeza impilo ende engcono, lisusa izindleko zalo zokuqala eziphakeme ngokuncipha kokuvama kokushintshwa.

Ukukhetha izinto ezifanele zama-valve okufika kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle ngenkathi kunciphisa izindleko zizonke. Abakhiqizi abafana ne-Yuyao World Fire Fighting Equipment Factory babeka phambili phambiliimininingwane yempahlaukuletha izixazululo ezinokwethenjelwa nezingabizi kakhulu zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene.

Izicelo kanye nokufaneleka kwama-Landing Valves

Amavalvu Okwehla Ethusi: Izicelo Ezivamile

Ama-valve okuhlalisa ethusi asetshenziswa kabanzi ezindaweni lapho ukucindezeleka komshini okulinganiselwe kanye nezimo ezilawulwayo zibusa khona. Ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu kanye nokuba lula kwazo kuzenza zifanelekele izinhlelo zokuvikela umlilo zasendlini, njengezakhiwo zezentengiselwano, izindawo zokuhlala, nezikhala zamahhovisi. Lawa ma-valve asebenza ngokwethembeka ezinhlelweni lapho ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali anonya noma isimo sezulu esibi kakhulu kukuncane kakhulu.

Ukusebenziseka kalula kwethusi lomshini kuvumela abakhiqizi ukuthi bakhiqize imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi, okwenza kube kuhle kuma-valve okulawula ukucindezela kanye nama-valve aqondile. Ukwengeza, ama-valve okuhlalisa ethusi avame ukukhethwa ngenxa yokukhanga kwawo kobuhle, njengoba egcina ukubukeka okuphucuziwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Le nhlanganisela yokusebenza nokukhanga okubonakalayo kwenza ithusi libe yinketho ekhethwayo yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga kokubili ukusebenza nokuguquguquka komklamo.

I-Bronze Landing Valves: Izicelo Ezivamile

Ama-valve okwehla e-bronze ahamba phambili ezindaweni ezidinga kakhulu lapho ukuqina nokumelana nokugqwala kubalulekile. Ukwakheka kwazo okuqinile kuzenza zilungele izinhlelo zangaphandle zokuvikela umlilo, izinsiza zezimboni, nezinhlelo zokusebenza zasolwandle. Lawa mavalvu amelana nokucindezeleka okukhulu kwemishini futhi amelana nokuguga, ngisho nasezimeni ezinzima njengokuchayeka emanzini anosawoti noma amazinga okushisa aphakeme.

Amandla ethusi aphakeme nezici zokungqubuzana okuphansi ziyenza ifanele amasistimu anengcindezi ephezulu kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinzima. Isibonelo, ama-valve okuhlalisa ethusi avame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zemikhumbi, amapulatifomu angasogwini, nasezitshalweni zamakhemikhali. Ikhono labo lokubekezelela izindawo eziyinselele liqinisekisa ukwethembeka nokuphepha kwesikhathi eside ezinhlelweni ezibalulekile zokuvikela umlilo.

Ukukhetha Impahla Elungile Yezidingo Ezithize

Ukukhetha impahla efanele ai-valve yokufikakuya ngezidingo zesicelo kanye nezimo zemvelo. I-Brass iyinketho enhle kakhulu endaweni yasendlini noma enengcindezi ephansi ngenxa yokufinyeleleka kwayo, ukusebenziseka kalula, nokumelana nokugqwala. Ngokuphambene, i-bronze ifaneleka kangcono izilungiselelo ze-high-stress noma ezonakalisayo, lapho amandla nokuqina kubaluleke kakhulu.

Abakhiqizi abafana neYuyao World Fire Fighting Equipment Factoryinikeza uhla lwama-valve okumisa aklanyelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene. Ukuqonda izidingo ezithile zohlelo lokuvikela umlilo kuqinisekisa ukukhethwa kwezinto ezifanele kakhulu, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-valve nokuphila isikhathi eside.

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Ithusi nethusi kuyahluka ngokwakheka, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukuqina, kanye nezindleko. I-Brass inikeza ukufinyeleleka nokusebenza kahle, kuyilapho ithusi lidlula amandla nokuqina. Ukukhetha impahla efanele kuncike ezimweni zemvelo kanye nezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza. Ukucaciswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-valve okuhlala asebenza ngokuthembekile futhi ahlala isikhathi eside ezinhlelweni zokuvikela umlilo.

FAQ

Yiziphi izici eziyinhloko okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho ukhetha phakathi kwama-valve okuhlalisa ethusi nawethusi?

Linganisa izimo zemvelo, ukucindezeleka kwemishini, kanye nesabelomali. I-Brass ifanela izindawo ezilawulwayo, kuyilapho i-bronze ihamba phambili ekucindezelekeni okuphezulu noma kuzilungiselelo ezigqwalile.

Ukumelana nokugqwala kwehluka kanjani phakathi kwethusi nethusi?

I-Brass imelana nokugqwala ezimeni ezimaphakathi. Ithusi linikeza ukumelana okuphakeme, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasolwandle noma zezimboni, ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo okuqinile.

Ingabe ama-valve okuhlalisa ethusi abiza kakhulu kune-bronze?

Yebo, ithusi ngokuvamile lithengeka kakhulu ngenxa yokwakheka kwalo nokusebenza komshini. Kodwa-ke, ukuqina kwe-bronze kungase kunciphise izindleko zokushintshwa zesikhathi eside ezinhlelweni ezifunwayo.