Izicishamlilo zinikeza umugqa obalulekile wokuzivikela ezimeni eziphuthumayo zomlilo. Idizayini yabo ephathekayo ivumela abantu ukuthi balwe namalangabi ngokuphumelelayo ngaphambi kokuba anyuke. Amathuluzi afana neisicishamlilo esiwumpushana esomilekanye neIsicishamlilo se-CO2ziye zathuthukisa kakhulu ukuphepha komlilo. Lezi zindlela ezintsha ziyaqhubeka nokubamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekunciphiseni ukulimala okuhlobene nomlilo kanye nokulimala kwempahla.

Okuthathwayo Okubalulekile

• Izicishamlilo zikhonaamathuluzi abalulekile ukumisaimililo emincane ngokushesha.
• Banguizicishamlilo ezahlukenengezinhlobo ezahlukene zomlilo.
• Ukuzihlola njalo nokufunda ukuzisebenzisa kusiza ezimeni eziphuthumayo.

Umlando Wezicishamlilo

Amathuluzi Okucisha Umlilo Wakuqala

Ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwe-I-fire extinguisher, izimpucuko zakuqala zazithembele emathubeni angakasetshenziswa ukuze kuliwe nomlilo. Amabhakede amanzi, izingubo zokulala ezimanzi, nesihlabathi kwakuyizindlela eziyinhloko ezazisetshenziswa ukucisha amalangabi. ERoma lasendulo, izinhlangano ezicisha umlilo ezihleliwe, ezaziwa ngokuthi “amaVigiles,” zasebenzisa amaphampu ezandla namabhakede amanzi ukulawula imililo ezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Lawa mathuluzi, nakuba esebenza ngezinga elithile, ayentula ukunemba nokusebenza kahle okudingekayo ukuze kuliwe nomlilo ngokushesha.

I-Industrial Revolution ilethe intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bokucisha umlilo. Amadivayisi afana namaphampu omlilo asebenza ngesandla namasirinji avele, okuvumela izicishamlilo ukuthi ziqondise imifudlana yamanzi ngokunembe kakhudlwana. Kodwa-ke, la mathuluzi ayemaningi futhi edinga abantu abaningi ukuthi basebenze, bebeka umkhawulo ekusebenzeni kwabo komuntu siqu noma ngezinga elincane.

The First Fire Extinguisher by Ambrose Godfrey

Ngo-1723, u-Ambrose Godfrey, usokhemisi waseJalimane, waguqula ukuphepha komlilo ngokugunyaza isicishamlilo sokuqala. Ukwakhiwa kwakhe kwakuhlanganisa umphongolo ogcwele uketshezi olucisha umlilo negumbi eliqukethe isibhamu. Lapho icushiwe, isibhamu saqhuma, sasakaza uketshezi phezu kwamalangabi. Lo mklamo omusha unikeze indlela eqondiswe kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo yokucisha imililo uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zangaphambili.

Amarekhodi omlando agqamisa ukuphumelela kokusungulwa kuka-Godfrey ngesikhathi somlilo e-Crown Tavern e-London ngo-1729. Umshini wawulawula ngempumelelo umlilo, ubonisa amandla awo njengethuluzi elisindisa ukuphila. Isicishamlilo sika-Godfrey saphawula ukuqala kwenkathi entsha ekuphepheni komlilo, okugqugquzela ukuthuthukiswa kwekusasa kubuchwepheshe bokucima umlilo.

I-Evolution to Modern Portable Fire Extinguishers

Uhambo olusuka ekwakhiweni kuka-Godfrey ukuya kusicishamlilo sesimanje lwaluhilela izenzakalo eziningi ezibalulekile. Ngo-1818, uGeorge William Manby wethula umkhumbi wethusi ophathwayo onengxube ye-potassium carbonate ngaphansi komoya ocindezelweyo. Lo mklamo uvumele abasebenzisi ukuthi bafafaze ikhambi ngokuqondile emalangabini, okulenza lisebenziseke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni komuntu ngamunye.

Izinqubo ezintsha ezalandela zaphucula izicisha-mlilo. Ngo-1881, u-Almon M. Granger wagunyaza ilungelo lobunikazi besicishamlilo se-soda-acid, esasebenzisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwe-sodium bicarbonate ne-sulfuric acid ukuze kwakhe amanzi acindezelwe. Ngo-1905, u-Alexander Laurant wasungula isicishamlilo esiyikhemikhali esiyigwebu, esabonakala sisebenza ngempumelelo ekulweni nemililo kawoyela. I-Pyrene Manufacturing Company yethula izicisha-mlilo ze-carbon tetrachloride ngo-1910, ihlinzeka ngesixazululo semililo kagesi.

Ikhulu lama-20 kuvele izicishamlilo zesimanje zisebenzisa i-CO2 namakhemikhali omile. Lawa madivaysi abe aminyene, asebenza kahle, futhi aguquguquka, ahlinzekela izigaba ezahlukene zomlilo. Namuhla,izicishamlilozingamathuluzi abalulekile ezindlini, emahhovisi, nasezindaweni zezimboni, aqinisekisa ukuphepha kanye nokunciphisa izingozi ezihlobene nomlilo.

Unyaka	Umsunguli/Umdali	Incazelo
1723	Ambrose Godfrey	Isicishamlilo sokuqala esirekhodiwe, sisebenzisa isibhamu ukuhlakaza uketshezi.
1818	UGeorge William Manby	Umkhumbi wethusi onesixazululo se-potassium carbonate ngaphansi komoya ocindezelwe.
1881	U-Almon M. Granger	Isicishamlilo esine-soda-acid esisebenzisa i-sodium bicarbonate ne-sulfuric acid.
1905	Alexander Laurant	Isicishamlilo esinegwebu lekhemikhali semililo yamafutha.
1910	Pyrene Manufacturing Inkampani	Isicishamlilo se-carbon tetrachloride semililo kagesi.
1900s	Okuhlukahlukene	Izicisha-mlilo zesimanje ezine-CO2 namakhemikhali omile okusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene.

Ukuvela kwezicishamlilo kubonisa ukuzibophezela kwesintu ekwenzeni ngcono ukuphepha emlilweni. Isenzo ngasinye esisha sibe nesandla ekwenzeni izicisha-mlilo zifinyeleleke kakhudlwana, zisebenze kahle futhi zithembeke.

Intuthuko Yezobuchwepheshe Ezicishamlilo

Ukuthuthukiswa kwama-ejenti wokucisha

Ukuvela kwezinto ezicisha umlilo kuthuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kwezicishamlilo. Imiklamo yakudala yayincike ezixazululweni eziyisisekelo ezifana ne-potassium carbonate noma amanzi, ezazilinganiselwe ekhonweni lazo lokulwa nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zomlilo. Intuthuko yesimanje yethule ama-agent akhethekile aklanyelwe amakilasi athile omlilo, athuthukisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle.

Ngokwesibonelo,ama-agent amakhemikhali owomile, njenge- monoammonium phosphate, yaqala ukusetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo ekucimeni imililo yeSigaba A, B, no-C. Lawa ma-ejenti aphazamisa ukusebenza kwamakhemikhali abhebhezela umlilo, awenze asebenze kakhulu. I-Carbon dioxide (CO2) yavela njengenye intuthuko ebalulekile. Ikhono layo lokususa umoya-mpilo kanye namalangabi apholile liyenze yaba ilungele imililo kagesi noketshezi oluvuthayo. Ukwengeza, ama-agent amakhemikhali amanzi asungulwe ukubhekana nemililo ye-Class K, evame ukutholakala emakhishini okuhweba. Lawa ma-ejenti enza ungqimba olunensipho phezu kwamafutha avuthayo namafutha, okuvimbela ukuvutha kabusha.

Izicisha-mlilo ezihlanzekile, ezisebenzisa amagesi afana ne-FM200 ne-Halotron, zimelela ukugxumela phambili ekuphepheni komlilo. Lawa ma-ejenti awasebenzisi futhi awashiyi nsalela, okuwenza afanelekele izindawo ezinempahla ebucayi, njengezikhungo zedatha namamnyuziyamu. Ukucwengwa okuqhubekayo kwezicishamlilo kuqinisekisa ukuthi izicishamlilo zihlala zisebenza kuzo zonke izimo ezihlukahlukene.

Okusungulwe Kumklamo Wesicishamlilo

Intuthuko ekwakhiweni kwayo iguqule izicishamlilo zaba amathuluzi angasebenziseka kalula futhi asebenza kahle. Amamodeli okuqala ayemaningi futhi eyinselele ukusebenza, ekhawulela ukufinyeleleka kwawo. Imiklamo yesimanje ibeka phambili ukuphatheka, ukusebenziseka kalula, nokuqina, iqinisekisa ukuthi abantu bangasabela ngokushesha ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo.

Into entsha eqanjiwe ukwethulwa kwezikali zokucindezela, ezivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baqinisekise ukulungela kwesicisha shazi. Lesi sici sinciphisa ubungozi bokusebenzisa idivayisi engasebenzi ngesikhathi esibucayi. Ukwengeza, izibambo ze-ergonomic nezinto ezingasindi zithuthukise ukusebenziseka kwezicishamlilo, okwenze abantu bamakhono ahlukahlukene ahlukahlukene bazisebenzise ngempumelelo.

Enye intuthuko ephawulekayo ukufakwa kwamalebula anemibala nemiyalo ecacile. Lezi zithuthukisi zenza kube lula ukuhlonza izinhlobo zesicisha-mlilo nokusetshenziswa kwazo okufanele, kunciphisa ukudideka phakathi nezimo zokucindezeleka okukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubekelaphambili kubuchwepheshe be-nozzle ithuthukise ukunemba kanye nokufinyeleleka kwezicishamlilo, okuqinisekisa ukuthi imililo ingalwisana nayo ngempumelelo.

Izinhlobo Nezinhlelo Zokusebenza Zesimanje Zokucima Umlilo

Izicishamlilo zesimanjezihlukaniswa ngokusekelwe ekufaneleka kwazo izigaba ezithile zomlilo, ziqinisekisa ukucisha umlilo okuhlosiwe nokuphumelelayo. Uhlobo ngalunye lubhekana nezingozi zomlilo eziyingqayizivele, okuzenza zibaluleke kakhulu kuzilungiselelo ezihlukahlukene.

• Izicishamlilo zeClass A: Idizayinelwe izinto ezivamile ezivuthayo njengokhuni, iphepha, nezindwangu, lezi zicishamlilo zibalulekile ezindaweni zokuhlala nezohwebo.
• Izicishamlilo zeClass B: Isebenza ngokumelene noketshezi oluvuthayo olufana nophethiloli namafutha, lokhu kubalulekile ezikhungweni zezimboni nasezinkundleni zokuxhumana.
• Izicishamlilo zeClass C: Lezi zicishamlilo zisebenzisa ama-non-conductive ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha.
• Izicishamlilo zeClass K: Izicisha-mlilo ezinamakhemikhali amanzi zenzelwe amakhishi okuthengisa, lapho amafutha okupheka namafutha ebeka engcupheni enkulu yomlilo.
• Isicishamlilo se-ejenti ehlanzekile: Ilungele ukuvikela impahla enenani eliphezulu, lezi zicishamlilo zisebenzisa amagesi afana ne-FM200 ne-Halotron ukucindezela imililo ngaphandle kokudala umonakalo wamanzi.

Ukuhlukahluka kwezicishamlilo zanamuhla kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwazo ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi avikela amakhaya, amahhovisi, noma izinsiza ezikhethekile, la mathuluzi ahlala eyitshe lesisekelo lokuphepha emlilweni.

Umthelela Wezicishamlilo Ekuvikelekeni Komlilo

Iqhaza Emakhodini Okwakha Neziqondiso

Izicishamlilo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho yokwakha kanye nemithetho yokuphepha emlilweni. Amazinga afanaI-NFPA 10ukugunyaza ukukhethwa okufanele, ukubekwa, nokugcinwa kahle kwezicishamlilo ezindlini zokuhlala, ezohwebo nezimboni. Le mithethonqubo ihlose ukuhlinzeka abahlali ngamathuluzi afinyelelekayo okulwa nemililo esanda kuqala, ukuvimbela ukwanda kwayo. Ngokucisha imililo emincane ngokushesha, izicisha-mlilo zinciphisa isidingo sezinyathelo ezibanzi zokucisha umlilo, njengamapayipi omlilo noma izinkonzo zokucima umlilo zangaphandle. Le mpendulo esheshayo inciphisa ukulimala kwempahla futhi ithuthukise ukuphepha kwabangaphakathi.

Uhlobo lobufakazi	Incazelo
Iqhaza Lezicishamlilo	Izicisha-mlilo zihlinzeka ngabahlalingendlela yokulwa nemililo esanda kuqala, ukunciphisa ukusabalala kwayo.
Isivinini sokuphendula	Bangacisha imililo emincane ngokushesha kunokwakha amapayipi omlilo noma izinkonzo zokucima umlilo zendawo.
Izidingo Zokuhambisana	Ukukhetha okufanele nokubekwa kugunyazwe ngamakhodi afana ne-NFPA 10, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle.

Igalelo Ekuvimbeleni Umlilo Nokuqwashisa

Izicisha-mlilo zineqhaza elikhulu ekuvimbeleni umlilo ngokugqugquzela ukuqwashisa ngezingozi zomlilo. Ukuba khona kwazo ezakhiweni kuyisikhumbuzo esiqhubekayo sokubaluleka kokuphepha emlilweni. Ukuhlola nokugcinwa okuvamile, ngokuvamile okufunwa umthetho, kukhuthaza abantu ukuthi bahlale beqaphile ngezingozi zomlilo ezingase zibe khona. Ukwengeza, izicishamlilo ziqokomisa isidingo sezinyathelo ezisheshayo, njengokukhomba nokunciphisa izingozi zomlilo ezindaweni zokusebenza nasemakhaya. Lokhu kuqwashisa kunciphisa amathuba okuba nezigameko zomlilo futhi kukhuthaze isiko lokuphepha.

Ukubaluleka Ezinhlelweni Zokuqeqesha Ngokuphepha Ngomlilo

Izinhlelo zokuqeqesha ukuphepha komlilo zigcizelela ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwezicishamlilo, ukuhlomisa abantu ngamakhono adingekayo ukuze baphendule ngokuphumelelayo ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo. Lezi zinhlelo, ngokuvamile ezidingeka ngaphansi kwe-OSHA §1910.157, zifundisa ababambiqhaza ukuthi bangahlonza kanjani amakilasi omlilo futhi bakhethe isicisha-mlilo esifanele. Imiphumela yokuqeqeshwa ibonisa ukubaluleka kwalawa mathuluzi ekwehliseni ukulimala okuhlobene nomlilo, ukufa, nokulimala kwempahla. Isibonelo, ukusha emsebenzini kuyabangelabangaphezu kuka-5,000 abalimala kanye nokufa kwama-200 ngonyaka, ngezindleko eziqondile zomonakalo wempahla ezingaphezu kwezigidigidi ezi-3.74 zamaRandi ngo-2022.Ukuqeqeshwa okufanele kuyaqinisekisaukuthi abantu bangenza okuthile ngokushesha nangokuzethemba, banciphise le mithelela elimazayo.

Umphumela	Izibalo
Ukulimala kokusha emsebenzini	Bangaphezu kuka-5,000 abalimala ngonyaka
Ukufa kwemililo yasemsebenzini	Bangaphezu kuka-200 abafa ngonyaka
Izindleko zokulimala kwempahla	$3.74 billion ngomonakalo oqondile wempahla ngo-2022
Imfuneko yokuhambisana	Ukuqeqeshwa okudingekayo ngaphansi kwe-OSHA §1910.157

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Izicisha-mlilo ziye zashintsha ukuphepha komlilo ngokunikeza ithuluzi elifinyelelekayo nelisebenzayo lokuqeda imililo. Ukuthuthuka kwabo kukhombisa ubuhlakani bobuntu ekubhekaneni nezingozi zomlilo. Intuthuko yesikhathi esizayo cishe izothuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwazo nokuzivumelanisa nezimo, iqinisekise ukuvikeleka okuqhubekayo kwezimpilo nempahla emhlabeni oshintshashintsha njalo.

FAQ

1. Kufanele zihlolwe kangaki izicishamlilo?

Izicishamlilo kufanele zihlolwe njalo ngenyanga futhi zilungiswe ngonyaka. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi zihlala zisebenza futhi zihambisana nemithetho yezokuphepha.

Ithiphu: Njalo hlola igeji yokucindezela ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi isicisha-mlilo sesilungele ukusetshenziswa.

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2. Ingabe noma yisiphi isicisha-mlilo singasetshenziswa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomlilo?

Cha, izicisha-mlilo zenzelwe izigaba ezithile zomlilo. Ukusebenzisa uhlobo olungalungile kungenza isimo sibe sibi. Hlala uqondanisa isicisha-mlilo nesigaba somlilo.

Ikilasi Lomlilo	Izinhlobo Zesicishamlilo Esifanelekile
Ikilasi A	Amanzi, Igwebu, Ikhemikhali Eyomile
Ikilasi B	CO2, Ikhemikhali Eyomile
Ikilasi C	I-CO2, Ikhemikhali Eyomile, I-ejenti ehlanzekile
Ikilasi K	Ikhemikhali Emanzi

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3. Ingakanani impilo yesicishamlilo?

Izicishamlilo eziningi zihlala iminyaka emihlanu kuya kweyi-15, kuye ngohlobo nomkhiqizi wazo. Ukunakekelwa okuvamile kwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwazo futhi kuqinisekisa ukwethembeka phakathi nezimo eziphuthumayo.

Qaphela: Shintsha izicishamlilo ezikhombisa izimpawu zokulimala noma umfutho ophansi ngokushesha.