Amavalvu alawula ingcindezi, ajwayele ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-PRV valves, ayizingxenye ezibalulekile ezinhlelweni zokucisha umlilo, ikakhulukazi ezakhiweni ezine-ACM cladding. Lawa ma-valve aklanyelwe ukugcina ukucindezela kwamanzi okungaguquki, okubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kahle nokuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuthobela ukuphepha komlilo. Ngokocwaningo olwenziwa uMnyango Wezomlilo weDolobha lase-Los Angeles, ngaphezu kwe-75% yama-valve alawula ingcindezi ahlolwe angu-413 ayedinga ukulungiswa kabusha noma ukulungiswa, okugcizelela ukubaluleka kwawo okubalulekile ekugcineni ukwethembeka kwesistimu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) iphoqelela izivumelwano zokuhlola eziqinile kulawa mavalvu ukuvimbela ukucindezela ngokweqile nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo. Izixazululo ezinokwethenjelwa, njengeama-valve okuvimbela ukucindezelakanye nokufakwa kwe-hydrant valve international, kubalulekile ekuvikeleni izimpilo nempahla ezigamekweni ezihlobene nomlilo.

Okuthathwayo Okubalulekile

• Ama-valve okulawula ukucindezela (PRVs)gcina umfutho wamanzi uzinzile ezinhlelweni zomlilo. Lokhu kubasiza ukuthi basebenze kahle ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo.
• Ukuhlola nokulungisa ama-PRVngokuvamile kubaluleke kakhulu. Ithola izinkinga kusenesikhathi, imisa ukwehluleka, futhi igcina abantu bephephile.
• Izakhiwo ezine-ACM cladding zidinga ama-PRV ukuze zihlangabezane nemithetho yomlilo. Asindisa ukuphila futhi avikele izakhiwo ezingozini zomlilo.

Iqhaza Lokulawula Ingcindezi Emavalvu Ekucindezelweni Komlilo

Iyini I-Valve Elawula Ingcindezi?

I-valve elawula ukucindezela iyisisetshenziswa esikhethekile esiklanyelwe ukulawula nokugcina ukucindezela kwamanzi okungaguquki ngaphakathi kwesistimu. Iqinisekisa ukuthi ingcindezi ihlala ingaphakathi kwemingcele ephephile futhi yokusebenza, ngaphandle kokushintshashintsha kokunikezwa kwamanzi. Lawa ma-valve abalulekile ezinhlelweni zokunciphisa umlilo, lapho ukucindezela kwamanzi okuzinzile kubalulekile ekusebenzeni okuphumelelayo ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo.

Ama-valve okulawula ukucindezela afika ngamamodeli ahlukahlukene, ngalinye lihambisana nezinhlelo ezithile zokusebenza. Isibonelo, imodeli ye-90-01 ifaka idizayini egcwele yembobo egcina ukucindezela okuqinile komfula, okuyenza ilungele amasistimu okugeleza okuphezulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imodeli ye-690-01, enomklamo wayo wechweba oncishisiwe, inikeza ukusebenza okufanayo kodwa ifaneleka kangcono izinhlelo ezidinga amazinga okugeleza aphansi. Ithebula elingezansi ligqamisa lokhu kucaciswa kobuchwepheshe:

Imodeli	Incazelo
90-01	Inguqulo egcwele yembobo yevalvu yokunciphisa ingcindezi, eklanyelwe ukugcina ingcindezi eya phansi komfula engaguquki.
690-01	Inguqulo yembobo encishisiwe ye-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi, futhi igcina ingcindezi eya phansi komfula ngempumelelo.

Lawa ma-valve abalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi amasistimu ocisha umlilo asebenza kahle ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene.

Asebenza Kanjani Amavalvu Okulawula Ingcindezi Kuzinhlelo Zokucindezela Umlilo

Ama-valve alawula ingcindezi adlala indima ebalulekileizinhlelo zokucisha umlilongokulawula ukugeleza kwamanzi nokucindezela. Uma isistimu yokucindezela umlilo isebenza, i-valve ilungisa ukucindezela kwamanzi ukuze kufane nezidingo zesistimu. Lokhu kulungiswa kuvimbela ukucindezela ngokweqile, okungalimaza isistimu noma kwehlise ukusebenza kwayo.

I-valve isebenza ngenhlanganisela yezindlela zangaphakathi, ezihlanganisa i-diaphragm kanye nesiphethu. Lapho amanzi engena kuvalvu, i-diaphragm izwa izinga lokucindezela. Uma ukucindezela kudlula umkhawulo obekiwe, intwasahlobo icindezela, inciphisa izinga lokugeleza futhi ibuyisele ukucindezela ezingeni elifunayo. Le nqubo iqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo luletha amanzi ngengcindezi efanelekile yokucisha imililo.

Ngokugcina ukucindezela kwamanzi okungaguquki, ama-valve okulawula ukucindezela athuthukisa ukwethembeka nokusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zokunciphisa umlilo. Baqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi afinyelela kuzo zonke izindawo zesakhiwo, ngisho nalezo eziphakeme noma ezikude nomthombo wamanzi. Leli khono libaluleke kakhulu emabhilidini ane-ACM cladding, lapho ukucisha umlilo ngokushesha nangempumelelo kungavimbela umonakalo oyinhlekelele.

Izingozi Zomlilo ku-ACM Cladding Systems kanye Nokubaluleka kwama-PRV

Ukuqonda Izingozi Zomlilo ku-ACM Cladding

Amasistimu wokuvala we-Aluminium Composite Material (ACM) adala izingozi ezinkulu zomlilo ngenxa yokwakheka kwawo. Amaphaneli ane-polyethylene (PE) cores, ikakhulukazi lawo ane-low-density PE (LDPE), avutha kakhulu. Ucwaningo lukaMcKenna et al. iveze ukuthi ama-LDPE cores abonisa amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu (pHRR) afika phezulu izikhathi ezingama-55 kunamaphaneli e-ACM aphephe kakhulu, afinyelela ku-1364 kW/m². Lesi sibalo esishaqisayo sigqamisa ukubhebhetheka ngokushesha komlilo ezakhiweni ezinezingubo ezinjalo. Ukwengeza, ucwaningo luqophe ukukhishwa kokushisa okuphelele (THR) kwe-107 MJ/m² kwamacores e-LDPE, kuqhubeke kugcizelela amandla awo okushisa imililo emikhulu.

Ukuhlolwa kwesikali esimaphakathi okwenziwa ngu-Guillame et al. kubonise ukuthi amaphaneli e-ACM anama-PE cores akhulula ukushisa ngamanani aphezulu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto. Lo mehluko usukela kokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-polymer kuma-PE cores, okusheshisa ukusha. Ngokufanayo, i-Srivastava, i-Nakrani, ne-Ghoroi ibike i-pHRR engu-351 kW/m² yamasampula e-ACM PE, egcizelela ukuvutha kwawo. Lokhu okutholakele ngokuhlanganyela kubonisa ubungozi bomlilo obuphakeme obuhlobene nezinhlelo zokuvala ze-ACM, ikakhulukazi lezo eziqukethe ama-PE cores.

Izakhiwo ezine-ACM cladding zibhekana nezinselele eziyingqayizivele ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo zomlilo. Ukukhishwa kokushisa okusheshayo nokusabalala kwamalangabi kungonakalisa imizila yokuphuma futhi kuvimbe imizamo yokucisha umlilo. Isebenza kahleizinhlelo zokucisha umlilo, efakwe izingxenye ezinokwethenjelwa njengama-valve alawula umfutho, ibalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe lezi zingozi nokuvikela izimpilo.

Indlela Amavalufu Alawula Ingcindezi Anciphisa Ngayo Izingozi Zomlilo Ezinhlelweni Zokuvala Ze-ACM

Ama-valve okulawula ingcindezidlala indima ebalulekile ekwehliseni izingozi zomlilo ezakhiweni ezinezingubo ze-ACM. Lawa ma-valve aqinisekisa ukucindezela kwamanzi okungaguquki kulo lonke uhlelo lokunciphisa umlilo, okwenza kube lula ukulethwa kwamanzi ezindaweni ezithintekile. Emabhilidini ane-ACM cladding, lapho imililo ingakhula ngokushesha, ukugcina umfutho wamanzi ofanele kubalulekile ukuze kulawulwe amalangabi nokuvimbela umonakalo owengeziwe.

Uma isistimu yokucindezela umlilo isebenza, i-valve elawula ingcindezi ilungisa ukugeleza kwamanzi ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zesistimu. Lokhu kulungiswa kuvimbela ukucindezela ngokweqile, okungalimaza isistimu noma kwehlise ukusebenza kwayo. Ngokuletha amanzi ngengcindezi efanele, i-valve iqinisekisa ukuthi izifafaza namapayipi asebenza kahle, ngisho nasezindaweni eziphakeme noma ezindaweni ezikude nomthombo wamanzi.

Ama-valve okulawula ukucindezela aphinde athuthukise ukwethembeka kwezinhlelo zokunciphisa umlilo ezakhiweni ezigqoke i-ACM. Ikhono labo lokugcina umfutho ozinzile liqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi afinyelela kuzo zonke izindawo, kuhlanganise nalezo eziphakeme. Leli khono libalulekile ekulweni nemililo ebhebhezelwa ama-cores avuthayo amaphaneli e-ACM. Ngokunciphisa ubungozi obuhlobene nokukhishwa kokushisa okusheshayo nokusabalala kwelangabi, lawa mavalvu anikela endaweni ephephile yokwakha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-valve alawula ingcindezi asiza izakhiwo ukuthi zihambisane nezindinganiso zokuphepha emlilweni. Izindikimba ezilawulayo zivame ukugunyaza ukusetshenziswa kwalawa mavalvu ezinhlelweni zokucisha umlilo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okungaguquki ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo. Ukuqaliswa kwazo akugcini nje ngokuvikela izimpilo kodwa futhi kuvikela impahla emonakalweni womlilo omkhulu.

Ithiphu:Ukufaka ama-valve alawula ingcindezi ezinhlelweni zokunciphisa umlilo kuyisinyathelo esisheshayo esinciphisa kakhulu izingozi zomlilo ezakhiweni ezine-ACM cladding. Ukunakekelwa okuvamile nokuhlolwa kuqhubekela phambili kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwazo, kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle uma kubaluleke kakhulu.

Izinzuzo Zokulawula Ingcindezi Kuma-ACM Cladding Systems

Ukugcina Ingcindezi Yamanzi Engaguquki Ngesikhathi Sezimo Eziphuthumayo

Ama-valve okulawula ukucindezela aqinisekisa ukucindezela kwamanzi okungaguquki phakathi nezimo eziphuthumayo zomlilo, isici esibalulekile ekucindezelweni komlilo okuphumelelayo. Lawa ma-valve alungisa ukugeleza kwamanzi ukuze afane nezidingo zesistimu, avimbele ukushintshashintsha okungase kube sengozini yokusebenza. Emabhilidini ane-ACM cladding, lapho imililo ingasakazeka ngokushesha, ukugcina ukucindezela okuzinzile kuqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi afinyelela kuzo zonke izindawo, kuhlanganise nokuphakama okuphezulu noma izindawo ezikude.

Ngokuletha amanzi ngengcindezi efanele, lawa mavalvu athuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezifafazi namapayipi, okwenza izicishamlilo zilawule amalangabi ngokuphumelelayo. Iqhaza labo libaluleka nakakhulu ezakhiweni eziphakeme kakhulu, lapho ukuhlukahluka kokucindezela okubangelwa amandla adonsela phansi kungase kuphazamise imizamo yokucisha umlilo. Ukulawulwa kwengcindezi okuthembekile kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo zokucima umlilo zisebenza ngaphandle komthungo, zivikela izimpilo kanye nempahla ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo.

Ukuvimbela Ukucindezela Okudlulele kanye Nokuthuthukisa Ukwethembeka Kwesistimu

Ama-valve okulawula ukucindezela avimbela ukucindezela ngokweqile, okungalimaza amasistimu okucindezela umlilo futhi kunciphise ukuthembeka kwawo. Izifundo zomlando nedatha yasensimini igqamisa ukusebenza kwayo:

• Ucwaningo lwezinkundla lubonisa izinga lokuhluleka eliphezulu elingu-0.4% nje ngonyaka esikhathini sokuhlola sezinyanga ezingu-30, ngezinga lokuzethemba elingu-95%.
• Ukuhlaziywa kokuhlehla kwembula ukuthi lawa ma-valve athembeka kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okugcizelela ukuqina kwawo namandla okuvimbela.

Ngokugcina ukucindezela okungaguquki, lawa ma-valve anciphisa ukuguga nokudabuka ezingxenyeni zesistimu, andise isikhathi sawo sokuphila futhi aqinisekise ukusebenza okuthembekile. Ikhono labo lokuvimbela ukucindezela ngokweqile liphinde linciphise ingozi yokwehluleka kwesistimu phakathi nezikhathi ezibucayi, okuthuthukisa ukwethembeka okuphelele.

Ukuqinisekisa Ukuthobelana Namazinga Okuphepha Komlilo

Amavalvu alawula ingcindezi adlala indima ebalulekile ekusizeni izakhiwo zihlangabezane nezindinganiso eziqinile zokuphepha emlilweni. Izikhungo ezilawulayo njengeNational Fire Protection Association (NFPA) zigunyaza ukusetshenziswa kwazoizinhlelo zokucisha umliloukuqinisekisa ukucindezelwa okungaguquki nokugeleza.

Ubufakazi	Incazelo
Ukuthobela i-NFPA 20	Amavalvu alawula ingcindezi abalulekile ekugcineni ingcindezi edingekayo kanye nokugeleza ezinhlelweni zokuvikela umlilo, njengoba kuchazwe kumazinga e-NFPA 20.
Isidingo Sedivayisi Yokuphepha	I-NFPA 20 igunyaza ukufakwa kwamaValuvu Wokukhulula Ingcindezi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukucindezela ngokweqile ezinhlelweni zokuvikela umlilo.

Ukwengeza, izinsizakalo zokuhlola nezitifiketi zalawa mavalvu zilandela amazinga okufakwa kwe-NFPA, okuqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho yokuphepha komlilo. Isigameko somlilo sango-1991 e-One Meridian Plaza sagcizelela ukubaluleka kokusetha kahle ama-valve okunciphisa ingcindezi ekugcineni ingcindezi eyanele yemizamo yokucisha umlilo. Ngokunamathela kulawa mazinga, amavalvu alawula ingcindezi awagcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kodwa futhi avikela izakhiwo emiphumeleni yezomthetho nezezimali ehambisana nokungathobeli imithetho.

Ukugcinwa Nokuthobelana namaValuvu Okulawula Ingcindezi

Ukubaluleka Kokuhlolwa Okujwayelekile Nokunakekela

Ukuhlolwa nokugcinwa njaloama-valve alawula ingcindezi abalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwethembeka nokusebenza kwawo. Ukunganaki lezi zingxenye ezibalulekile kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu, okuhlanganisa ukwehluleka kwezisetshenziswa kanye nezingozi zokuphepha. Ngokwesibonelo:

• I-valve engasebenzi kahle ngesikhathi kuhlolwa ibangele ukuvuza kwamakhemikhali ayingozi, okuveza abasebenzi ezinto ezinobuthi futhi okubangele izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo.
• Abasebenzisi bemishini ekhethekile kufanele babeke phambili ukuxazulula izinkinga, ukulungisa, nokuhlolwa kwamavalvu okuphepha ukuze kunqandwe izingozi.

Ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile kusiza ukuhlonza ukuguga, ukugqwala, noma ukuvuza okungenzeka ngaphambi kokuthi kudlulele ezinkingeni ezibalulekile. Izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokugcina lawa ma-valve zihlanganisa:

Best Practice	Incazelo
Ukuhlola Okuvamile	Khomba ukuguga, ukugqwala, noma ukuvuza ngokuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ukulinganisa	Gcina i-setpoint efanele ngokulinganisa i-valve ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ukuhlanza Nokugcoba	Hlanza futhi gcoba izingxenye ezihambayo njengokuncoma komkhiqizi ngamunye.
Ukushintshwa Kwezingxenye Ezigugile	Shintshanisa izingxenye ezilimele ngokushesha ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kahle.

Ngokunamathela kule mikhuba, abaphathi bezakhiwo banganweba isikhathi sokuphila samavalvu alawula ingcindezi futhi bathuthukise ukuphepha okuphelele kwezinhlelo zokucima umlilo.

Ukuthobela Imithetho Yokuphepha Komlilo ye-ACM Cladding Systems

Ukuthobela imithetho yokuphepha komlilo kubalulekile kumabhilidi anezinhlelo zokuvala ze-ACM. Izindikimba ezilawulayo zigunyaza ukusetshenziswa kweama-valve okulawula umfuthoukuqinisekisa ukucindezelwa kwamanzi okungaguquki ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo. Ukulandela imihlahlandlela emisiwe kunciphisa ubungozi futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lusebenza ngempumelelo uma ludingeka kakhulu.

Amanqamu wezobuchwepheshe aveza izinqubo ezimbalwa ezihamba phambili zokuthobela:

Best Practice	Incazelo
Izidingo Ezinembile Zengcindezi	Gcina ingcindezi encane ekhuphuka nomfula njengoba kucaciswe abakhiqizi.
Ukuma Okufanelekile	Faka ama-valve ngendlela efanele ukuze ugweme izinkinga zokusebenza.
Ukukhweza Okuvikelekile	Yehlisa ukudlidliza kanye nengcindezi yemishini ngokukhweza okuphephile.
Izihlungi nezihlungi	Faka enhla nomfula ukuze uvimbele ukulimala kwemfucumfucu futhi ugcine ukugeleza.

Ngaphezu kokufaka, ukuhlolwa okuvamile nokuhambisana nemithetho yokusebenza kokuphepha kubalulekile. Lezi zinyathelo azigcini nje ngokuvikela izimpilo nempahla kodwa futhi zisiza ukugwema imiphumela yezomthetho nezezimali ehambisana nokungathobeli imithetho. Abaphathi bezakhiwo kumele bahlale beqaphile ekusebenziseni la mazinga ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwabantu abangaphakathi kanye nobuqotho bezinhlelo zokucima umlilo.

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Ama-valve okulawula ukucindezela asebenza njengengxenye ebalulekile ekuphepheni komlilo kumasistimu wokuvala i-ACM. Bagcina ukucindezela kwamanzi okungaguquki, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo zokunciphisa umlilo zisebenza ngokuphumelelayo ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo. Iqhaza labo ekwehliseni izingozi zomlilo kanye nokuhlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zokuphepha azinakweqiswa. Abaphathi bezakhiwo kumele babeke phambili ukufakwa nokugcinwa kwabo ukuze kuvikelwe izimpilo nempahla.

FAQ

Ingakanani impilo yevalvu elawula ingcindezi ezinhlelweni zokucindezela umlilo?

Ukuphila kwe-valve elawula ingcindezi kuncike ekusetshenzisweni nasekugcinweni kwayo. Ngokuhlola okuvamile nokunakekelwa okufanele, lawa ma-valve angahlala iminyaka eyi-10-15 noma ngaphezulu.

Kufanele ahlolwe kangaki amavalvu alawula umfutho?

Ochwepheshe batusa ukuhlola ama-valve alawula umfutho minyaka yonke.Ukuhlolwa okuvamileukusiza ukuhlonza ukuguga, ukugqwala, noma ukuvuza, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo zomlilo.

Ingabe ama-valve alawula ingcindezi ayimpoqo kumabhilidi ane-ACM cladding?

Yebo, imithetho eminingi yokuphepha komlilo idinga ama-valve alawula ingcindezi ezakhiweni ezine-ACM cladding. Lawa ma-valve aqinisekisa ukucindezela kwamanzi okungaguquki, okuthuthukisa ukwethembeka kwesistimu yokucindezela umlilo.

Qaphela:Hlala ubheka amakhodi endawo nezindinganiso zokuphepha komlilo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthotshelwa kwezidingo ezithile zamavalvu alawula ingcindezi.