Amavalvu okulawula ukucindezela, avame ukubizwa ngokuthi amavalvu e-PRV, ayizinto ezibalulekile ezinhlelweni zokucima umlilo, ikakhulukazi ezakhiweni ezine-ACM cladding. Lawa mavalvu aklanyelwe ukugcina umfutho wamanzi oqhubekayo, okubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuthobela ukuphepha komlilo. Ngokusho kocwaningo olwenziwe yiLos Angeles City Fire Department, amavalvu angaphezu kuka-75% angu-413 ahlolwe alawula ukucindezela adinga ukulungiswa kabusha, okugcizelela ukubaluleka kwawo okubalulekile ekugcineni ukuthembeka kohlelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iNational Fire Protection Association (NFPA) isebenzisa imigomo yokuhlola eqinile yalawa mavalvu ukuvimbela ukucindezeleka ngokweqile nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo. Izixazululo ezinokwethenjelwa, njengeamavalvu okuvimbela ingcindezikanye nokufakwa kwama-valve okukhipha amanzi emhlabeni jikelele, kubalulekile ekuvikeleni izimpilo kanye nempahla ezigamekweni ezihlobene nomlilo.

Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele

• Amavalvu okulawula ingcindezi (ama-PRV)gcina umfutho wamanzi ungashintshi ezinhlelweni zomlilo. Lokhu kuzisiza ukuthi zisebenze kahle ngezikhathi eziphuthumayo.
• Ukuhlola nokulungisa ama-PRVngokuvamile kubaluleke kakhulu. Ithola izinkinga kusenesikhathi, imise ukwehluleka, futhi igcine abantu bephephile.
• Izakhiwo ezinezimbozo ze-ACM zidinga ama-PRV ukuze zihlangabezane nemithetho yomlilo. Zisindisa izimpilo futhi zivikele izakhiwo ezingozini zomlilo.

Indima Yamavalvu Okulawula Ukucindezela Ekucindezelweni Komlilo

Iyini i-Valve Elawula Ukucindezela?

Ivalvu yokulawula ukucindezela iyithuluzi elikhethekile elenzelwe ukulawula nokugcina ukucindezela kwamanzi okungaguquguquki ngaphakathi kohlelo. Liqinisekisa ukuthi ukucindezela kuhlala ngaphakathi kwemingcele ephephile nesebenzayo, kungakhathaliseki ukushintshashintsha kokutholakala kwamanzi. Lawa mavalvu abalulekile ezinhlelweni zokucindezela umlilo, lapho ukucindezela kwamanzi okuzinzile kubalulekile ukuze kusebenze kahle ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo.

Amavalvu okulawula ukucindezela afika ngamamodeli ahlukahlukene, ngalinye lenzelwe izinhlelo ezithile. Isibonelo, imodeli ye-90-01 inomklamo wembobo ogcwele ogcina umfutho ozinzile phansi, okwenza kube kuhle ezinhlelweni ezihambayo kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imodeli ye-690-01, enomklamo wayo wembobo oncishisiwe, inikeza ukusebenza okufanayo kodwa ifaneleka kangcono ezinhlelweni ezidinga amazinga aphansi okugeleza. Ithebula elingezansi liqokomisa lezi zincazelo zobuchwepheshe:

Imodeli	Incazelo
90-01	Inguqulo ephelele ye-port yevalvu yokunciphisa ingcindezi, eyenzelwe ukugcina ingcindezi eqhubekayo phansi.
690-01	Inguqulo ye-port encishisiwe ye-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi, futhi igcina ingcindezi engezansi ngempumelelo.

Lawa ma-valve abalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izinhlelo zokucima umlilo zisebenza kahle ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene.

Indlela Amavalvu Okulawula Ukucindezela Asebenza Ngayo Ezinhlelweni Zokucindezela Umlilo

Ama-valve okulawula ingcindezi adlala indima ebalulekile ku-izinhlelo zokucima umlilongokulawula ukugeleza kwamanzi kanye nengcindezi. Lapho uhlelo lokucima umlilo lusebenza, ivalvu ilungisa ingcindezi yamanzi ukuze ivumelane nezidingo zesistimu. Lokhu kulungiswa kuvimbela ukucindezela ngokweqile, okungalimaza uhlelo noma kunciphise ukusebenza kwalo.

Ivalvu isebenza ngokuhlanganiswa kwezindlela zangaphakathi, okuhlanganisa i-diaphragm kanye nesiphethu. Uma amanzi engena kuvalvu, i-diaphragm izwa izinga lokucindezela. Uma ingcindezi idlula umkhawulo obekiwe, isiphethu siyacindezela, sinciphise izinga lokugeleza futhi sibuyisele ingcindezi ezingeni elifunekayo. Le nqubo iqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo luletha amanzi ngengcindezi efanele yokucima umlilo.

Ngokulondoloza umfutho wamanzi oqhubekayo, ama-valve alawula umfutho athuthukisa ukuthembeka nokusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zokucima umlilo. Aqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi afinyelela kuzo zonke izindawo zesakhiwo, ngisho nalezo ezisendaweni ephakeme noma ezikude nomthombo wamanzi. Leli khono libaluleke kakhulu ezakhiweni ezine-ACM cladding, lapho ukucindezela komlilo okusheshayo nokuphumelelayo kungavimbela umonakalo omkhulu.

Izingozi Zomlilo Ezinhlelweni Zokumboza ze-ACM kanye Nokubaluleka Kwama-PRV

Ukuqonda Izingozi Zomlilo Ekumbozweni Kwe-ACM

Izinhlelo zokumboza izinto ze-Aluminium Composite Material (ACM) zibeka izingozi ezinkulu zomlilo ngenxa yokwakheka kwazo. Amaphaneli anezingqimba ze-polyethylene (PE), ikakhulukazi lawo ane-PE ephansi (LDPE), ayasha kakhulu. Ucwaningo lukaMcKenna et al. lwembule ukuthi izingqimba ze-LDPE zibonisa amazinga aphezulu okukhululwa kokushisa (pHRR) afinyelela ku-55 aphezulu kunamaphaneli e-ACM aphephile, afinyelela ku-1364 kW/m². Lesi sibalo esesabekayo siqokomisa ukusabalala okusheshayo komlilo ezakhiweni ezinezingqimba ezinjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo luqophe ukukhululwa kokushisa okuphelele (THR) okungu-107 MJ/m² kwama-core e-LDPE, okugcizelela kakhulu amandla awo okushisa imililo emikhulu.

Ukuhlolwa okuphakathi okwenziwe nguGuillame et al. kubonise ukuthi amaphaneli e-ACM ane-PE cores akhipha ukushisa ngamanani aphezulu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto. Lo mehluko uvela kokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-polymer kuma-PE cores, okusheshisa ukusha. Ngokufanayo, i-Srivastava, i-Nakrani, ne-Ghoroi zibike i-pHRR engu-351 kW/m² yamasampula e-ACM PE, okugcizelela ukusha kwawo. Lokhu okutholakele ndawonye kubonisa izingozi zomlilo eziphakeme ezihlobene nezinhlelo zokumboza ze-ACM, ikakhulukazi lezo eziqukethe i-PE cores.

Izakhiwo ezinezimbozo ze-ACM zibhekene nezinselele ezihlukile ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo zomlilo. Ukukhishwa kokushisa okusheshayo kanye nokusabalala kwamalangabi kungaphazamisa imizila yokuphuma futhi kuphazamise imizamo yokulwa nomlilo.izinhlelo zokucima umlilo, ehlonyiswe ngezingxenye ezithembekile njengama-valve alawula ukucindezela, ibalulekile ekunciphiseni lezi zingozi nokuvikela izimpilo.

Indlela Amavalvu Okulawula Ukucindezela Anciphisa Ngayo Izingozi Zomlilo Ezinhlelweni Zokumboza ze-ACM

Amavalvu okulawula ingcindezizidlala indima ebalulekile ekunciphiseni izingozi zomlilo ezakhiweni ezinezimbobo ze-ACM. Lawa ma-valve aqinisekisa ukucindezela kwamanzi okuqhubekayo kulo lonke uhlelo lokucima umlilo, okwenza kube lula ukulethwa kwamanzi ezindaweni ezithintekile kahle. Ezakhiweni ezinezimbobo ze-ACM, lapho imililo inganda khona ngokushesha, ukugcina ukucindezela kwamanzi okuhle kubalulekile ekulawuleni amalangabi nokuvimbela umonakalo owengeziwe.

Uma uhlelo lokucima umlilo lusebenza, ivalvu elawula ukucindezela ilungisa ukugeleza kwamanzi ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zesistimu. Lokhu kulungiswa kuvimbela ukucindezela ngokweqile, okungalimaza uhlelo noma kunciphise ukusebenza kwalo. Ngokuletha amanzi ngengcindezi efanele, ivalvu iqinisekisa ukuthi ama-sprinkler namapayipi asebenza kahle, ngisho nasezindlini eziphakeme noma ezindaweni ezikude nomthombo wamanzi.

Amavalvu alawula ukucindezela aphinde athuthukise ukuthembeka kwezinhlelo zokucima umlilo ezakhiweni ezimbozwe yi-ACM. Amandla awo okugcina ukucindezela okuzinzile aqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi afinyelela kuzo zonke izindawo, kufaka phakathi lezo eziphakeme. Leli khono libalulekile ekulweni nemililo ebangelwa yizinhlayiya ezivuthayo zamaphaneli e-ACM. Ngokunciphisa izingozi ezihambisana nokukhishwa kokushisa okusheshayo nokusabalala komlilo, lawa mavalvu anegalelo ezindaweni zokwakha eziphephile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amavalvu okulawula ukucindezela asiza izakhiwo ukuba zihambisane nezindinganiso zokuphepha emlilweni. Izinhlangano ezilawulayo zivame ukuphoqelela ukusetshenziswa kwala mavalvu ezinhlelweni zokucima umlilo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwawo akugcini nje ngokuvikela izimpilo kodwa futhi kuvikela nempahla ekulimaleni okukhulu emlilweni.

Icebiso:Ukufaka amavalvu alawula ukucindezela ezinhlelweni zokucima umlilo kuyisinyathelo esisebenzayo esinciphisa kakhulu izingozi zomlilo ezakhiweni ezine-ACM cladding. Ukulungiswa nokuhlolwa njalo kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwazo, kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kakhulu lapho kubaluleke kakhulu.

Izinzuzo Zama-Valve Okulawula Ukucindezela Ezinhlelweni Zokumboza ze-ACM

Ukugcina Umfutho Wamanzi Ongaguquguquki Ngesikhathi Sezimo Eziphuthumayo

Amavalvu alawula ukucindezela aqinisekisa ukucindezela kwamanzi okuhambisanayo ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo zomlilo, okuyisici esibalulekile ekucinyweni komlilo okuphumelelayo. Lawa mavalvu alungisa ukugeleza kwamanzi ukuze kuhambisane nezidingo zesistimu, avimbele ukuguquguquka okungaphazamisa ukusebenza kahle. Ezakhiweni ezine-ACM cladding, lapho imililo ingasakazeka khona ngokushesha, ukugcina ukucindezela okuzinzile kuqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi afinyelela kuzo zonke izindawo, kufaka phakathi izindawo eziphakeme noma izindawo ezikude.

Ngokuletha amanzi ngengcindezi efanele, la ma-valve athuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwama-sprinkler nama-hoses, okwenza abacishi bomlilo bakwazi ukulawula amalangabi ngempumelelo. Indima yabo iba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ezakhiweni eziphakeme, lapho ukushintshashintsha kwengcindezi okubangelwa amandla adonsela phansi kungaphazamisa khona imizamo yokulwa nomlilo. Ukulawulwa kwengcindezi okuthembekile kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo zokucima umlilo zisebenza kahle, zivikela izimpilo kanye nempahla ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo.

Ukuvimbela Ukucindezeleka Okudlulele Nokuthuthukisa Ukuthembeka Kwesistimu

Amavalvu alawula ukucindezela avimbela ukucindezela ngokweqile, okungalimaza izinhlelo zokucima umlilo futhi kunciphise ukuthembeka kwazo. Izifundo zomlando kanye nedatha yasensimini kugqamisa ukusebenza kwazo:

• Izifundo zasensimini zibonisa izinga eliphezulu lokuhluleka elingu-0.4% ngonyaka esikhathini sokuhlolwa sezinyanga ezingu-30, kanye nezinga lokuzethemba elingu-95%.
• Ukuhlaziywa kokuhlehla kwembula ukuthi la ma-valve athembeka kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okugcizelela ukuqina kwawo kanye namakhono okuvimbela.

Ngokugcina ingcindezi engaguquki, la ma-valve anciphisa ukuguguleka kwezingxenye zesistimu, andise isikhathi sawo sokuphila futhi aqinisekise ukusebenza okuthembekile. Amandla awo okuvimbela ukucindezeleka ngokweqile anciphisa nengozi yokwehluleka kwesistimu ngezikhathi ezibucayi, okuthuthukisa ukuthembeka okuphelele.

Ukuqinisekisa Ukuhambisana Nezindinganiso Zokuphepha Emlilweni

Amavalvu okulawula ukucindezela adlala indima ebalulekile ekusizeni izakhiwo ukuba zihlangabezane nezindinganiso zokuphepha emlilweni eziqinile. Izinhlangano ezilawulayo ezifana ne-National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) ziyala ukusetshenziswa kwawo ku-izinhlelo zokucima umliloukuqinisekisa ukucindezela nokugeleza okuqhubekayo.

Ubufakazi	Incazelo
Ukuthobela imithetho ye-NFPA 20	Amavalvu okulawula ukucindezela abalulekile ekugcineni ukucindezela nokugeleza okudingekayo ezinhlelweni zokuvikela umlilo, njengoba kuchaziwe ezindinganisweni ze-NFPA 20.
Isidingo Sedivayisi Yokuphepha	I-NFPA 20 iyalela ukufakwa kwama-Pressure Relief Valve ukuvimbela ukucindezeleka ngokweqile ezinhlelweni zokuvikela umlilo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsizakalo zokuhlola nokuqinisekisa la ma-valve zilandela amazinga okufakwa kwe-NFPA, ziqinisekisa ukulandelwa kwemithethonqubo yokuphepha komlilo. Isigameko somlilo sango-1991 e-One Meridian Plaza sagcizelela ukubaluleka kokubeka kahle ama-valve okunciphisa umfutho ekugcineni ingcindezi eyanele yemizamo yokulwa nomlilo. Ngokulandela lezi zindinganiso, ama-valve okulawula umfutho awagcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kodwa futhi avikela izakhiwo emiphumeleni yezomthetho neyezezimali ehlobene nokungalandeli imithetho.

Ukugcinwa Nokuhambisana Nemithetho Yama-Valve Alawula Ukucindezela

Ukubaluleka Kokuhlolwa Okuvamile Nokulungiswa

Ukuhlolwa nokugcinwa njaloAma-valve alawula ingcindezi abalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka nokusebenza kwawo. Ukunganaki lezi zingxenye ezibalulekile kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi, okuhlanganisa ukwehluleka kwemishini kanye nezingozi zokuphepha. Isibonelo:

• I-valve engasebenzi kahle ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ibangele ukuvuza kwamakhemikhali okuyingozi, okwabeka abasebenzi engozini yezinto ezinobuthi futhi kwaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zempilo.
• Abasebenzisi bemishini ekhethekile kumele babeke phambili ukuxazulula izinkinga, ukulungisa, kanye nokuhlola ama-valve okuphepha ukuze kuvinjelwe izingozi.

Ukulungiswa njalo kusiza ekuboneni ukuguguleka, ukugqwala, noma ukuvuza okungenzeka ngaphambi kokuba kube izinkinga ezinkulu. Imikhuba emihle yokugcina la mavalvu ihlanganisa:

Umkhuba Ongcono Kakhulu	Incazelo
Ukuhlolwa Okuvamile	Thola ukuguguleka, ukugqwala, noma ukuvuza ngokuhlola njalo.
Ukulinganisa	Gcina indawo efanele ngokulinganisa ivalvu njalo.
Ukuhlanza Nokugcoba	Hlanza futhi ugcobe izingxenye ezihambayo ngokwezincomo zomkhiqizi.
Ukushintsha Izingxenye Ezigugile	Shintsha izingxenye ezonakele ngokushesha ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle.

Ngokulandela le mikhuba, abaphathi bezakhiwo bangandisa isikhathi sokuphila sama-valve alawula ukucindezela futhi bathuthukise ukuphepha okuphelele kwezinhlelo zokucima umlilo.

Ukunamathela emithethweni yokuphepha komlilo yezinhlelo zokumboza ze-ACM

Ukuthobela imithetho yokuphepha emlilweni kubalulekile ezakhiweni ezinezinhlelo zokumboza ze-ACM. Izinhlangano ezilawulayo ziyala ukusetshenziswa kweamavalvu okulawula ingcindeziukuqinisekisa ukucindezela kwamanzi okuqhubekayo ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo. Ukulandela iziqondiso ezimisiwe kunciphisa izingozi futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lusebenza kahle lapho ludingeka kakhulu.

Amaphephandaba obuchwepheshe achaza izindlela eziningana ezinhle kakhulu zokuthobela imithetho:

Umkhuba Ongcono Kakhulu	Incazelo
Izidingo Eziqondile Zokucindezela	Gcina ingcindezi encane kakhulu njengoba kuchaziwe abakhiqizi.
Ukuqondiswa Okufanele	Faka ama-valve ngendlela efanele ukuze ugweme izinkinga zokusebenza.
Ukufakwa Okuphephile	Nciphisa ukudlidliza kanye nokucindezeleka komshini ngokufaka okuphephile.
Izihlungi kanye nezihlungi	Faka umfula ongaphezulu ukuze uvimbele ukulimala kwemfucumfucu futhi ugcine ukugeleza kwamanzi.

Ngaphezu kokufakwa, ukuhlolwa njalo kanye nokunamathela emithethweni yokusebenza kokuphepha kubalulekile. Lezi zinyathelo azivikeli nje kuphela izimpilo nempahla kodwa futhi zisiza ekugwemeni imiphumela yezomthetho neyezezimali ehlobene nokungalandeli imithetho. Abaphathi bezakhiwo kumele bahlale beqaphile ekusebenziseni lezi zindinganiso ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabahlali kanye nobuqotho bezinhlelo zokucima umlilo.

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Amavalvu okulawula ukucindezela asebenza njengengxenye ebalulekile ekuphepheni komlilo kwezinhlelo zokumboza ze-ACM. Agcina umfutho wamanzi oqhubekayo, aqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo zokucima umlilo zisebenza kahle ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo. Indima yazo ekunciphiseni izingozi zomlilo kanye nokuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha eziqinile ayinakukhushulwa ngokweqile. Abaphathi bezakhiwo kumele babeke phambili ukufakwa nokugcinwa kwazo ukuze bavikele izimpilo nempahla.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Iyini isikhathi sokuphila sevalvu elawula ukucindezela ezinhlelweni zokucindezela umlilo?

Isikhathi sokuphila kwevalvu elawula ukucindezela sincike ekusetshenzisweni nasekugcinweni kwayo. Ngokuhlolwa okuvamile nokunakekelwa okufanele, lawa mavalvu angahlala iminyaka eyi-10-15 noma ngaphezulu.

Ama-valve okulawula ingcindezi kufanele ahlolwe kangaki?

Ochwepheshe batusa ukuhlola ama-valve alawula ingcindezi minyaka yonke.Ukuhlolwa okuvamilekusiza ekuboneni ukuguguleka, ukugqwala, noma ukuvuza, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo zomlilo.

Ingabe ama-valve alawula ukucindezela ayimpoqo ezakhiweni ezine-ACM cladding?

Yebo, imithetho eminingi yokuphepha komlilo idinga amavalvu alawula ukucindezela ezakhiweni ezine-ACM cladding. Lawa mavalvu aqinisekisa ukucindezela kwamanzi okuqhubekayo, okuthuthukisa ukuthembeka kohlelo lokucindezela umlilo.

Qaphela:Njalo hlola amakhodi nezindinganiso zokuphepha emlilweni zendawo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kulandelwa izidingo ezithile zamavalvu okulawula ukucindezela.